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HI-FI IN MEXICO 1955 revista AUDIO

05/25/2011 CHRIS 

A two page article from AUDIO magazine circa 1955.  Consider this article in comparison to “Japan Goes Hi Fi.”  How differently these two countries have developed since these pieces were written.   Both certainly became manufacturing powerhouses, but Mexico has been much less able to keep the profits from those operations in their country.  I have owned plenty of audio-objects made in Mexico (Fender guitar amps come to mind) but I have personally never seen a Mexican hi-fi brand.  Anyone?    Also: please note: this article is presented for historical reference only; I do not endorse the political/ethnic generalizations and characterizations that author makes.

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Audio analógico: Histórico de patentes e inventores

No.	Year	Inventor	Company	An excerpt of the Claim made..............
200521	1878	Edison	NA	"Phonograph or Speaking machine (as it stands on drawing, but patent front page titled ""Improvement in Phonograph or Speaking Machines""). His other patents on phonograph: 201760(Speaking Machine), 227679(Phonograph), 386974(Mechanical improvement with motor), 400650 (Collapsible Blank), 414761(Wax Blank), 430278(cutting edge and reproducing stylus), 430277, 437425, 437497, 453741, 454941, 484583(Cutting-Tool), 499879, 500208(Magnetic damping of cantilever), 513095, 605667, 652457, 655480 etc."
341214	1886	Bell	NA	Recording and Reproducing Speech and other Sounds. Disk with spiral groove type ""phonogram"", but commercial embodied model was wax cylinder type ""Graphophone"" see 341288 invented by Tainter. Also 341212,341287(magnetic disk recording), 374133(paper cylinder), 375579, 380535, 385886, 385887(Graphophonic Tablet), 421450, 428646, 506348. "
534543	1895	Berliner	US Gramophone Company	Gramophone (Disk). His older patent 372786(1887) for Gramophone (horizontal recording) was cylinder type. Disk type Gramophone was invented by W. Suess: US Patent No.427279(1890) and assigned to Emile Berliner though Berliner in 382790(1888) already proposed solid resisting material (wax) coated on plate or cylinder. Also 548623, 564586, 637196, 637197, 689349 etc"
655557	1900	Johnson	NA	"Sound Recording and Reproducing Machine. Also 624625, 655556, 951127 about sound-box. Johnson was founder of Consolidated Talking Machine Company in 1900 which became Victor Talking Machine Company in 1901. Victor Talking Machine Company was created by merger and reorganization of two existing companies: Emile Berliner's Berliner Gramophone Company, which produced disc records, and Johnson's Consolidated Talking Machine Company, which produced machines for playing disc records."
683615	1901	Aylsworth	National Phonograph Company in New Jersey	Method of duplicating phonographic records
0012096	1902	Macdonald	American Graphophone Company in District of Columbia	Sound-Record [making of cylinders from matrix mold]. His patent 682992(1901) is reissued as RE012096. Also 1022100 about re-pressing (recyling) disk sound records
736773	1903	Petit	The International Phonograph & Indestructable Record Company in UK.	"Method of forming metal matrices and duplicating Sound-Record Cylinders [by Electrodepositing metal on master record]. Also 657956, 666,937 & 750119 about celluloid cylinder. Ademor Napoleon Petit worked also for Edison."
736948	1903	Emerson	American Graphophone Company	"Stylus or Needle for Sound-reproducers. Long life needle made of hard small diameter rod core surrounded by or embedded in soft material. In 1915 Emerson started Emerson Phonograph Company for producing his label ""Emerson Record"". "
739318	1903	Johnson	Victor Talking Machine Company in New Jersey	Sound-Record [Label pressed to record together with pressing the disc in heated condition].
749092	1904	Petit	NA	Double-Faced Sound-Record. In 1904 Odeon produced double-sided records. Some early Odeon labels refer to this patent.
763903	1904	Jones	American Graphophone Company	"Sound-Recording Apparatus. Cutting tool for lateral-cut groove of uniform depth consists of spoon-formed cutting stylus, advance pin (to regulate the depth of groove to be cut) and air-blast nozzle (contrary to modern suction nozzle). Basic recording method is almost established in this mechanical (sound-box) recording era."
782375	1905	Aylsworth	New Jersey Patent Company	"Composition of making duplicate phonograph-records (cylinders). Mixture of metalic soap as stabilizer, carnauba as wax, lampblack as pigment etc."
783420	1905	Emerson	American Graphophone Company	"Production of Quasi-Original Sound Records (duplication of matrix for lateral-cut disks). Also 785316 about unique duplicating method: recording on inner wall of cylinder and ""nurling""=knurling blank cylinder by rolling reversal matrix."
879363	1908	Cheney	Victor Talking Machine Company in New Jersey	"Die-Plate for Stamping up Sound Records. Cheny invented 655195(1900): Gramophone Sound-Box for The National Gramophone Compnay in New York. In another patent 915936(1909), Cheney proposed unique groove and forked stylus to trace two V grooves at once (sound is recorded at land). "
936976	1909	Berliner	NA	Multi-track (for example triple-track spiral) sound grooves with lead-in markings
996625	1911	Edison	New Jersey Patent Company	Phonograph-Reproducer (Ball Bearing Needle)
1041983	1912	Edison	"Thomas A. Edison, Incorporated"	Phonograph-Stylus of crystallized boron.
1062579	1913	Aylsworth	"Edison, Incorporated"	Talking Machine (Vacuum suction turntable for thin flat flexible disc record)
1080924	1913	Owen	Victor Talking Machine Company in New Jersey	Stylus for sound-reproducing machine. Elliptical tungusten stylus
1110428	1914	Edison	New Jersey Patent Company	Process of forming phonograph styli (Diamond Stylus Tip). Hard record material such as Phenoric resin was experimented by Aylsworth so that there was a need for making hard stylus tip.
1146388	1915	Aylsworth	New Jersey Patent Company	Process for making sound records (record made of fusible Phenol resin etc)
1212692	1917	Ruckgaber	NA	Speed-Regulator for Phonographs (Electric Motor regulating with eddy current disks)
1234450	1917	Edison	New Jersey Patent Company	Celluloid Record-Blank. Also 1248468. Mainly cylinder type though in patent 1234451 Edison indicated disk type mold.
1246651	1917	Petit	NA	Record for Talking Machine. Lateral cut record with new groove configulations (the walls of groove merging smoothly into the surface of the record). Also 1246652 about cutting tool for sound-recording machines.
1251565	1918	Pathe	NA	Talking Machine. Improving means for supporting sound box.
1251851	1918	Wickes	Victor Talking Machine Company in New Jersey	Molding-Press. Also 941291: Apparatus for making sound-records for talking machines (Molding Die)
1286259	1918	Edison	New Jersey Patent Company	Means for recording sound. Multi-sound sources received through horns are electrically mixed & recorded on Single Record Blank.
1290712	1919	Capps	Pathe Freres Phonograph Company in New York	Electric-Motor Phonograph
1291398	1919	Capps	American Graphophone Company	Talking Machine. Universal joint between tone-arm and tone-tube. Also co-inventor of 1293489
1353522	1920	Emerson	NA	Laminated (multi-layered) discs.
1358135	1920	Capps	Pathe Freres Phonograph Company in New York	"Phonograph-Reproducer. Sound Box usable for both vertical & lateral records: projecting arm linked to stylus arm. Also 1324643:Adjustable Sound Box. Capps invented 570378-1896 (Spring Motor) for The National Phonograph Company, 727921-1903(Automatic Sound Recorder) & 783420 for American Graphophone Company, 1836153-1931(Stylus Holder) for Columbia Phonograph Company, 2187512-1940 (cutting stylus) etc. Almost 50 years engaged in recording industry from the beginning."
1368745	1921	Hewitt	Victor Talking Machine Company in New Jersey	"Method of making record tablets. Various groove configurations seeking for standardization of lateral recording [the method of reforming any metal master record after recording is indicated: lapping, brushing, polishing, burnishing the surface of master or reforming the sharp corner of groove by spinning stylus in order to reduce pinch effect]."
1372992	1921	Beadle	Columbia Graphophone Manufacturing Company	Apparatus for pressing up Sound-Records and the like.
1396412	1921	Eldred	The Commercial Research Company	Process of making styli and products thereof (Tungusten stylus).
1481743	1924	Roberts	Columbia Graphophone Manufacturing Company	Method and Apparatus for pressing disc sound records without the aid of heating and cooling mediums. Related patent 1307812(1919) by Errickson: Columbia disclaims patent of Errickson partially.
1516595	1924	Frely	"Societe des Establissements GAUMONT in Paris, France"	Electrical Reproducer for Phonograph. Previous patent 1384295(1921)
1535538	1925	Maxfield	"Western Electric Company, Incorporated."	Vibratory System (Electric Recording System; application not limited to phonograph)
1576642	1926	Bishop	The Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company in Delaware	Molding Die
1606744	1926	Bodine	Dictaphone Corporation	Acoustical Device (cylinder record cutting & reproducing). Dictaphone started as producer of dictation machine esp. for recording telephone and later produced various machines in timely formats (wax cylinder/plastic belt/magnetic tape etc).
1637082	1927	Maxfield	"Western Electric Company, Incorporated."	"Sound Recording Method (extended play time, no mention of specific 33.33rpm. He indicated 36-40rpm for synchronising motion picture)"
1649847	1927	Nightingall	NA	Means for recording sounds. Heated cutting stylus for cutting harder material than soft wax blank so that such recording without electro-plating and pressing can be repeatedly reproducible.
1661539	1928	Maxfield	Western Electric	"Phonograph System (Recording chain including transmitter=microphone capable of picking up 80-8,000Hz, amplifier, loud speaker=monitor and recording head with advance ball for lateral grooves)"
1663884	1928	Harrison	Western Electric	"Device for the transmission of vibratory energy (Basic technology for electric recording and reproducing) Also 1645139, 1628666 and 1709571 etc."
1669170	1928	Nicolson	"Wired Radio, Inc."	Damped Phonograph Appratus (Piezo-electric element and vibration-damping material)
1677806	1928	Weinberger	Radio Corporation of America (RCA) in Delaware	Electric Phonograph Circuit (Phonographs in connection with radio receiving circuits) Also 1957512 Reproducer with superaudible frequency: Weinberger proposed grooves with high frequency carrier of AM for broadcasting phonograph playback sound directly.
1711551	1929	Sykes	NA	Reproducing and Recording of Sound [Electric Phonograph] Also 1743251 Means for recording sound, 2113907 pickup, 2621260 Electric Phonograph(Cylinder) etc"
1713039	1929	Espenschied	American Telephone and Telegraph Company	"Phonograph Recording and Reproducting (Application filed Nov. 15, 1919). The methods of reducing noises (by pre-emphasis on recording) or distortions (by compensation with opposite distortion on recording or reduroducing) are indicated. Also 1661793 & 1685913 "
1713195	1929	Round	"Marconi's Wireless Telegraph Company, England"	Gramophone-Record-Cutting Device and the like. 1974895 (Reproducer) was assigned to RCA in USA
1719339	1929	Mittel	Victor Talking Machine Company in New Jersey	"Talking Machine-Record. Apparatus for transfering sound from cylinder record to disc record. ""It is known that a record upon wax cylinder gives in some respects more faithful reproduction of the recorded sounds than a record cut upon a disc, and the proposal has been made..to transfer...from the cylinder to a disc...From the wax disc a matrix is made in the usual or any suitable way and from the matrix a number of records can be pressed."""
1733608	1929	Knox	Bell Telephone Laboratories	Phonograph Needle (small and light weight stylus tip made by electroplating method: thin coating of nickel stripped from conical mandrel)
1756966	1930	Alden	The Alden Manufacturing Compnay	Electromagnetic Pick-up
1767610	1930	O'Learly	NA	MC Cartridge
1782781	1930	High	Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company	Reproducing Device (Simple Mechanism: diaphagm in sound box is changed to electric transducer)
1783044	1930	Kellogg	General Electric Company (GE)	"Reproducer. Also 1614133 In 1925 E.dward W. Kellog and Chester Rice developed coil-driven (dynamic) paper-cone speaker. Later when GE transferred their radio and allied work to RCA, Dr. Kellog also went to RCA."
1792554	1931	Thomas	NA	Electromagnetic Instrument (esp. pick-up for vertical-cut of the finely grooved type) Also 1804961, 1958386(pick-up for lateral-cut & vertical-cut record), 1980888 & 1992727 etc. 1992727 was assigned to ATT. His early patents: 1595978(1926) & 1745776(1930) about pickup switchable between mechanical diaphragm (Sound Box) & electrical pickup, 1598895 & 1630642 about electric reproducer, 1625918 about Electric Pronograph, 1656712 phonograph connected to telephone receiver. 2031865-1936 (System and apparatus for recording and reproducing sound) was assigned to RCA."
1792859	1931	MITCHELL	Columbia Phonograph Company	Sound Recording Apparatus. Also 1944258 about Sound Reproducing Instrument
1799799	1931	Jones	Bell Telephone Laboratories	"Sound Reproducer (for playing soft wax records). Jones invented 1746730, 1812634, 1918972 etc about Reproducer for hill-and-dale records. 1531252(1925) Electric Reproducer assigned to Wired Radio Inc."
1816447	1931	Sumner	The Calco Chemical Company	Shellac Composition (Shellac31.5% Induline base 1.5% Filler67%)
1816906	1931	Jones	Bell Telephone Laboratories	"Electromagnetic Device. ""a four-pole magnetic structure and coil are sealed in an oil filled casing by a flexible diaphragm. T-shaped armature supported by the diaphragm vibrate with it as the stylus flexes the diaphragm about its diameter"". "
1817094	1931	Moore	"Thomas A. Edison, Incorporated"	Production of Phonograph Styli (lapping machine for making diamond stylus of small radius). There is description about vertical-cut fine groove (for example 450 threads per radial inch). The minute record groove was first experimented around 1930 for vertical-cut records.
1817787	1931	Thomas	Radio Corporation of America (RCA) in Delaware	Magnet System for converting electrical into mechanical energy or inversely [Laminated pole pieces]. Another patent 2108275(1938) by Roelof Vermeulen and Arend Thomas was assigned to Philips in Netherlands
1823533	1931	Diehl	Diehl Manufacturing Company in New Jersey	Phonograph Turntable (center-driven by induction motor with worm gear and governor: platter spindle separated from driving spindle so as to be isolated from mechanical and electric noises)
1835073	1931	McClatchie	NA	"Magnetic Pickup. Also 1830800, 1830801 & 1835072 etc.
1858016	1932	La Rue	RCA	Plural-Member stylus or the like. Stock material (tungsten rod) is inserted and fused together into shank
1866403	1932	Elmer	Bell Telephone Laboratories	Phonograph Recorder and Reproducer Arm (consideration on lateral/vertical inertia and anti-skating device with spring)
1915357	1933	Fernberg	Victor Talking Machine Company in New Jersey	Means and Method for pressing talking machine record [mold].
1916703	1933	Payne	Victor Talking Machine Company in New Jersey	"Electromagnetic Acoustic Device. In 1929 as a result of the 1929 stock market crash, Victor Talking Machine Company merged with Radio Corporation of America to become RCA Victor."
1918972	1933	King	Bell Telephone Laboratories	Phonograph Reproducer (MC type)
1927158	1933	Edison	"Thomas A. Edison, Incorporated"	"Electrical Sound Reproducing Apparatus. Pick-up applicable without any adjustment for either ""lateral"" or ""hill-and-dale""records"
1928169	1933	Clark	Columbia Graphophone Company in UK	Electric Sound Recorder. In 1931 Gramophone Company and Columbia Graphophone Company merged and formed Electric and Musical Industries (EMI).
1932889	1933	Groff	Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp.	Record (composition: copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate etc). In 1920 Union Carbide established Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corporation. Also refer to 2335986(1943 Vinyl Resin Phonograph Record). 1956837(1934) by Schmidt indicated application of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Aldehyde Condensation on record. 1997489(1935) by Hermann etc in Germany indicated various examples of polymerized vinyl alcohols.
1933400	1933	Victor	NA	Pick-up Device (Auto-offsetting tracking arm)
1947164	1934	Morrison	Bell Telephone Laboratories	Reproducer for hill-and-dale records. Also 1784845 about needle.
1960007	1934	Harrison	Bell Telephone Laboratories	Phongraph reproducers for Vertical Recordings (esp. wax so that light vertical pressure less than 5g is intended). Also 2033284 (attachment to convert hill-and-dale reproducer to lateral reproducer)
1963673	1934	Patino	NA	Reproducing Arm (Auto-offsetting device by pulley)
1981793	1934	Keller	Bell Telephone Laboratories	Sound Reproducer for hill-and-dale records. Light tracking force 10g. Analysis of effective mass and stiffness etc.
1985005	1935	Wiebusch	Bell Telephone Laboratories	Vibration Translating Device (Recording device using moving coil and damping plate and viscous damping medium between the diaphragms).
2018471	1935	Russel	Bell Telephone Laboratories	Electroplating upon metallized surface
2018496	1935	Keller	Bell Telephone Laboratories	Recorder Stylus (suitable for use of hill and dale type) Also 1918271: Sound Recording and Reproducing System
2024271	1935	Blumlein	Columbia Graphophone Company in UK	Moving Coil Electromechanical Device (sound recording and reproducing).
2025388	1935	Henning	Bell Telephone Laboratories	Sound Reproducing System: L/V two channels from single groove
2027168	1936	Harrison	Bell Telephone Laboratories	"Vibration Translating Device (reproducer with double moving coils). Also 2027169 & 2133815 for hill and dale or lateral type of recordings, 2031948 Damping Device, 2105916 Sound Reproducing System."
2032194	1936	Wiebusch	Bell Telephone Laboratories	Vibration Translating Device (MC type reproducer for hill-and-dale records). Analysis on mechanical and electrical circuits to compensate frequency responses.
2034872	1936	Keller	Bell Telephone Laboratories	Phongraph reproducer (MC) for Lateral and Vertical Recordings
2037165	1936	Pollard	Bell Telephone Laboratories	"Vibration Translating Device (single moving coil) for hill-and-dale-recording. Also 1990548, 2038216 about the support of recording head by stream of air instead of ""advance ball"" since ""the mechanical disturbances caused by the advance ball as it slides over the wax is now audible in finished records and often predominant in original recordings""."
2055187	1936	Vieth	Bell Telephone Laboratories	Phongraph reproducer (MC) for Lateral and Vertical Recordings
2093540	1937	Blumlein	EMI=Electric and Musical Industries in UK	Sound Transmission including Stereophonic/Electric Recording & Reproducing System.
2114471	1938	Keller	Bell Telephone Laboratories	Sound Recording & Reproducing System (45/45 degrees stereophonic groove and equipment)
2133596	1938	Thompson	NA	Feed Mechanism for disk recording machines. Later patents 2200866, RE22183, 2213936, 2222342, 2239042, 2250242, 2354558, 2357033, 2369087, 2369088(Equalising), 2441651(Recording Head), 2464064 etc were assigned to the Sound Scriber Corporation. Early patent 1637165(1927) was assigned to The Bristol Company."
2139916	1938	Seeley	NA	Sound Recording and Reproducing System [Idea of equlization with pre-emphasis on recording and de-emphasis on reproduction to obtain flat response]
2141584	1938	Wittander	NA	Sound Reproducing & Recording Apparatus
2148796	1939	Barbieri	Amperite Company	Phonograph Pickup (Improvement of response at low frequencies)
2161489	1939	Yenzer	Bell Telephone Laboratories	Vibratory System (Recording System: driving coil and feedback coil incorporated into vertical recording head). Relative patent 2162986(cutter amplifier) by Wiebusch
2173051	1939	Woolf	Film Recording Corporation in New York	"Recording Head and Process of Recording. Recording on film with stylus. Also 2173050. Related patent 2188687 by Lohn, 2154589 by Vermeulen etc."
2174156	1939	Guedon	RCA	"Arm balanced by spring tension. Also 2254844 about turntable mechanism with variable speed, 2192998 about pickup "
2174720	1939	Edwards	Aluminum Company of America	Aluminum Record Blank coated with Ricinoleic Acid [for embossing]
2187512	1940	Capps	Recording Stylus.
2238863	1941	Norton	Dictaphone Corporation	"Translating Device (for recording & reproducing on record cylinder). Also 2110092 Commercial Phonograph, 2057621 Dictating Machine."
2240918	1941	Vermeulen	RCA	Device to convert electrical into mechanical energy or inversely (Moving-conductor type pickup to be connected to transformer. cf RCA Inductor Microphones)
2242983	1941	Thompson	Philco Radio and Television Corporation	"Photoelectric Phonograph. Also 2316113, 2359808 & 2399585 by Thompson and 2348660 by Stephan. Similar method was already shown in 1578645(1926) assigned to Western Electric, 1768273(1930) assigned to Bell Telephone Laboratories, 1793403(1931), 2063225, 2088960, 2191026 etc."
2247640	1941	Nielsen	Cinaudagraph Corporation	Reproducer (MC type)
2247651	1941	Carson	RCA	Phonograph (Floating System by Coil Springs)
2247924	1941	Saliba	Presto Recording Corporation	Automatic Equalising System for Recording on Disk Records.
2251204	1941	Reid	The Crosley Corporation in Ohio	Bi-radial stylus tip. Also John Reid invented universal reproducing stylus (2584922-1952) for Avco which bought Crosley in 1945.
2269267	1942	Hunter	RCA	Phonograph Records (made of Vinyl resin). Also 2206636(1940), 2217170(1940) etc
2284744	1942	Kellogg	RCA	Sound Recording. Improvement of vertical cut records: forerunner of tracing simulator. Also 2122207(1938) & 2219930(1940)
2286494	1942	Lynn	RCA	Sound Translating System. Also 2379707: Audio-Frequency Compensator Circuit in consideration of high frequency loss due to groove radius: High frequency boosted in inner groove radius and reduced in outer groove radius to obtain flat response. [Inner start & 33.3rpm transcription disk]
2290057	1942	Lindenberg	Fairchild	Sound Recording and Reproducing Mechanism. Moving Coil System. Also 2792456
2310049	1942	Albersheim	Western Electric	Sound Record and Reproducing System. His proposed exponential curved V groove suitable for lateral recordings to reduce pinch effect. Also 2310048 about vibration translating system
2320416	1943	Dally	Webster Electric	"Stylus for Reproducers. Also 2160793, RE22371,2261616, 2313324 & 2348526 about crystal pickups, 2222552&2346733 about Tone Arm, 2145389 about Arm and pickup, 2197967 about Sound Reproducing Apparatus (Arm coupled with pickup and amplifier circuit), 2379282&2412718 Recorder."
2320429	1943	Hasbrouck	RCA	"Signal Recording and Reproducing System: compensating the loss of high frequencies due to groove radius [Inner start & 33.3rpm transcription disk]. Also 2311385 (combination of hill-and-dale operation and lateral operation is made possible by switching connection on transformer), 2280763 (phonograph apparatus, piezoelectric pickup with cantilever+stylus made from tungsten wire)"
2326280	1943	Bauer	Shure Brothers	"Translating Device (Piezoelectric Element=Torsion Bar Form) Also 2381861, 2455913 & 2461475(stylus arm) and 2583289 etc"
2330801	1943	Abbot	Physicists Research	Tracer Mechanism for Investigating Surface Irregularities
2347347	1944	Yenzer	Bell Telephone Laboratories	Vibration Translating Device for hill and dale or lateral type of recordings
2350490	1944	Berliner	NA	Sound Recording Apparatus (The feed screw of Recording Head is driven by the centre of turntable)
2367846	1945	De Sart	United Acoustigraph Corporation	"Sound recording & reproducing Apparatus. Patents 2077388, 2094201, 2107050 etc by Bender assigned to same company use a strip of film as recording medium."
2369676	1945	Pierce	NA	"Electromechanical Conversion-Device (Improved Reproducer). Also 2239717 etc. Frederick Vinton Hunt (1905-1972), a professor at Harvard University about acoustics, wrote together with his colleague J.A. Pierce: ""On Distortsion in Sound Reproduction from Phonograph Records"" J.A.S.A 1938, a monument paper simulating various phonograph distortions. W. D. Lewis and F. V. Hunt, ""A Theory of Tracing Distortion from Phonograph Records,"" J.A.S.A. 1941. These researches led to the development of criteria that eventually made possible the long-playing record."
2373181	1945	Fleming		Transducer (Phonograph pickup for lateral-cut records)
2379782	1945	Bobb	Philco Radio and Television Corporation	Phonograph Pickup (MC type similar to cutter head) with peculiar suspension suitable for lateral & hill-and-dale movements. Also 2386089. 2410329(1946) with powdered iron core by Albright is also related to this pickup.
2383994	1945	Smith	"National Company, Inc., in Massachusetts"	Phonograph Pick-up. Previous patent 1915804(1933)
2384253	1945	Jearum		"Cutting, Grinding or Polishing Machine for Diamonds or other stones and the like (showing machine tool for making elliptic tip). Also see 671830-1901 & 835964-1906 by Loesser about Machine for Sawing Diamonds"
2391784	1945	Johnston	The Gray Manufacturing Company	"Sound Recording and Reproducing Machine. AUDOGRAPH is recording from inner to outer with constant groove speed like CD using soft vinyl disc sandwitched between two wheels. Also related patents 2410607, 2563860, 2628842& 2740633 etc."
2400953	1946	Roys	RCA	"Method of and System for Recording Audio Frequency Waves. Also 2475200 about signal recording appratus, 2491215 about recording head with advance ball"
2406597	1947	Faus	General Electric Company (GE)	Electric Pickup (MC type). Faus also invented 2415681(VR type) for GE.
2416082	1947	Balmer	The Sound Scriber Corporation	"Hum-less Electrodynamic Pickup (lateral MC pickup) Also 2542457. Newspaper ""The Tech"" dated February 7, 1950 titled ""Churchill Repairs English Language""indicating Churchill's misuse of ""me"" instead of ""I"" reports that Winston Churchill dictates his memoirs on the dictating machine of the Sound Scriber."
2422817	1947	Baker	NA	"Pickup with reed of magnetic material. Also RE23327(1951) Damper-less type (suspension/flexibility is obtained by reed) and 2581551, 2595561, 2622156 etc"
2423208	1947	Sinnet	RCA	"Electrostatic Pickup. Also 2465288(capacity type pickup), 2388578(Record Reproducing System including electric circuit) etc"
2426061	1947	Snepvangers	RCA	Electric Phonograph Pickup of the Capacity Type. In 1944 Snepvangers moved to CBS Laboratories for LP project and later in 1958 joined in Fairchild Recording Equipment Corporation.
2454425	1948	Bauer	"Shure Brothers, Incorporated"	Magnetic Translating Device. Previous patent 2356810
2464032	1949	Franz	Dictaphone Corporation	Stylus Construction and Method (Embossing sound track). Related patent 2534735(1950). Yerkovich's patent 2318828 (Phonograph) assigned to Dictaphone shows full details of dictaing machine using a loop of acetate film.
2469933	1949	Schwartz	Decca Limited in UK	Electromagnetic Pickup (T-shaped stylus assembly) =GB615421-615424. Another GB586900 by O'Brien (Americaner) is also shown on the metalic cover of Type D.
2473650	1949	Kalmus	Zenith Radio Corporation	Phonograph pickup with mechanical filter. Also 2531689: Electrical Translating Means and Variable-Inductor Transducer Therefor. Pickup Signal transmitted by antena and received by radio receiver - there was such trend since Philco also obtain similar patent 2441464(1948) from Albright.
2478712	1949	Rockwell	Crosley Broadcasting Corp. in Ohio	"Electrodynamic Phonograph Pickup (one turn of coil=ribbon type?) In 1945, the Crosley interests were purchased by Aviation Corporation. The radio and appliance manufacturing arm changed its name to Avco, but the broadcast operations continued to operate under the Crosley name, until they adopted the Avco name in 1968."
2480907	1949	Dally	Electrovox Company in New Jersey	Phonograph Pickups (Piezoelectric).
2483196	1949	Gordon	Bendix Aviation Corporation	VR(variable reluctance) Cartridge
2485432	1949	Cornwell		Magnetic Phonograph Pickup. Also 2456388, 2444336, 2508753 etc. Lionel B. Cornwell worked as chief engineer for Cinaudagraph Corporation.
2492186	1949	Royston	American Type Founders	Reproducer for hill-and-dale and lateral cut phonograph records. Also 2516919(1950): Electrodynamic Phonograph Pickup
2510342	1950	Kilgour	Avco Manufacturing Corporation	"Pickup Mounting. The Aviation Corporation later changed its name to Avco Manufacturing Corporation, and then in 1959 to Avco Corporation. In 1986 Avco was purchased by Textron."
2511663	1950	Bachman	GE	Magnetic Phonograph Pickup. Also 2491794 & 2511664. After these inventions (1947) Bachman was invited to Columbia Broadcasting System for LP project.
2516338	1950	Olson	RCA	Feedback Control System for Recording Cutter and the like
2516565	1950	Guy	GE	Auto-offsetting pantograph arm similar to Garrard Zero series. See also later patent by Klein 2983517(1961)
2518861	1950	Burtch	The Brush Development Company	Phonograph Pickups (Piezoelectric). The Brush Development Company in Cleveland was engaged in applying piezoelectric device on underwater acoustics during 2nd World War. German-born Semi Joseph Begun invented piezoelectric pickup(2363497etc) & magnetic recorders(2048487&2048488) etc for this company.
2528826	1950	Saars	USA as represented by The Secretary of Navy	Recording Equipment having an adjustable advance ball
2530284	1950	Cook	Frank L. Capps & CO. Inc. in New York	Recording Stylus (detailed function of burnishing facet angles) Earlier patent 2187512-1940 by Frank L. Capps is almost standardised while this later patent about two step facets is not realised.
2531242	1950	Yenzer	Bell Telephone Laboratories	Electrodynamic Phonograph Pickup (Lateral cutter head with feedback coil). In 2746130 Davis showed method of securing heating conductor to stylus applicable to Westrex Model 2A.
2534725	1950	Miller	NA	Electrodynamic Pickup having U-shaped Coil Holder
2543127	1951	Pickering	"Pickering Associates, Inc."	Magnetic Sound Reproducer having removable stylus assembly. Also 2538164 cartridge, 2545859 dual styli"
2547227	1951	O'Neal	Philco Corporation	"Phonograph Pickup. This patent tells the problems and difficulty of tracing on new ""microgroove"" records."
2551506	1951	Rockwell	Crosley Broadcasting Corp. in Ohio	Dynamic Balanced Arm with two spring coils. Also 2587529
2554209	1951	Miner	GE	Dual Stylus Phonograph Pickup for Multispeed Record Players. Also 2554208 about improvement of cantilever. 2748199, 2776342, 2820853, 3047676 & 3088000 by Dally. 2572712 by Fisher. Slide-in type 2820854 by Woodworth.
2554696	1951	Bruderlin	NA	Magnetic Phonograph Pickup Head with two pairs of pole pieces. Also 2388116
2564054	1951	Dreisbach	The Magnavox Company	Phonograph Pickup and Mechanical Motion Converting System Therefor. Also 2567105 (Crystal Pickup)
2573723	1951	McClain	NA	Phonograph Stylus of small effectuive tip radius
2584922	1952	Reid	Avco Manufacturing Corporation	Universal Reproducing Stylus. Analysis of differences of records between the past and present or between USA and England. Also 2686679
2591996	1952	Arentzen	Fonofilm Industri A/S (Ortofon)	Moving-Coil Phonograph Pickup. Coil is wound vertically on elongated core which is supported with dampers on vertical axis. Coil windings and pivot were modified later by Anneberg etc as per GB700155(1953) & DE873757. There was rare stereo modification model: the cantilever has been fixed at a cube for special Cardanic transmission 'cross- coupler' which converts stylus deflection to channel-separated rotary motion.
2593633	1952	Umpleby	"The Decca Record Company, Limited, London"	Electrodynamic Phonograph Pickup
2606254	1952	Sugden	NA	"Moving-Coil Sound Recording Head. Arnold Robinson Sugden started ""Connoisseur"" brand for consumer products."
2611038	1952	Graham	RCA	Sound recorder with Sound-Controlled-Stylus Feed (Variable Pitch)
2617894	1952	Arentzen	Fonofilm Industri A/S (Ortofon)	Electrodynamic Recording Device.
2619440	1952	Lord	EMI	Gramophone Record (Record Composition)
2627416	1953	Schoemehl	RCA	Induction Heating of Recording Styli. Related patent 2628104 by Shardlow assigned to RCA
2629605	1953	Krisch	NA	"Phonograph Needle (ball bearing needle - mere fancy at the time, but now it can be embodied?) Related patent 2594759(1952) by Fischer"
2639156	1953	Ward	GE	Double-Twist Phonograph Stylus Assembly
2647753	1953	Goldmark	Columbia Broadcasting System	"Phonograph Pickup Mounting (proposing Inclined Arm Mounting for anti-skating: ""Since the tracking instability is greatest for the outmost sound groove, it is advantegeous to tilt the axis of rotation in a direction lateral of the arm in the position in which the arm engages the maximum diameter sound groove for which the phonograph is designed."") "
2650953	1953	Gunter	Shure	Method of assembling phongraph translating devices
2658763	1953	Roys	RCA	Phonograph Pickup Device and the like (Improvement on Masterson's patent 2560358 assigned to RCA)
2676806	1954	Bachman	Columbia Broadcasting System	Arm Assembly (proposing viscous damping theory). His another patent 3622163(1971) Linear Tracking Arm and 3301565(1967) Suspended cartridge and Inclined Arm/Turntable Base for anti-skating
2681388	1954	Goldmark	Columbia Broadcasting System	Phonograph Pickup with styli alternatively used for LP and SP (Turnover type cartridge)
2689275	1954	Hansen	NA	Electrodynamic Pickup
2703343	1955	Snepvangers	Columbia Broadcasting System	Phonograph Pickup: Piezoelectric type
2716551	1955	Bachman	Columbia Broadcasting System	Record Cutting Stylus Suspension (Advance Ball Damping Suspension to insure the cutting of grooves of substantially uniform depth)
2734748	1956	Parvin	RCA	"Disc Design for Compatible Center Holes: For playing on larger hole, the hub portion may be broken away within indentations."
2738385	1956	Bachman	Columbia Broadcasting System	Sound Recording Apparatus (Automatic Variable Pitch Recording)
2742530	1956	Mayer	The Astatic Corporation	Stylus Removable Cartridges (plural styli on one cantilever)
2743478	1956	Harlow	RCA	Automatic Molding Apparatus. Also 2853737 These have good reference to previous patents since SP era. Also 3662051(1972)
2744212	1956	Baum	NA	Phonograph attachment for eliminating static electricity from records
2749131	1956	Kelly	Cosmocord Limited in UK	"Mechanical Coupling Device (Pickup Cartridge using bimorph piezoelectric plates) Also 2771514, 3089922. Related patents 2938966 by Spencer and 3067296 by Heinlein about piezoelectric element for stereophonic cartridge."
2752428	1956	Bauer	Shure	Click mounting of stylus holder on piezoelectric cartridges
2754372	1956	Weathers	Weathers	Variable capacity pickup. Also 2507188(1950)
2759732	1956	O'Neal	Philco Corporation	Phonograph Stylus (universal tip applicable for both coarse & fine grooves) Similar idea was already presented by Graupner and Gullner in Germany (German Patent 885163-1953: Universal-Doppelnadeln fuer normale und Microrillen-Schallplatten)
2772888	1956	Doncaster	Columbia Broadcasting System	Stereophonic Record Making (Monaural Two Faces synchronised)
2780680	1957	Jensen	Webster Electric	Transducer (using ceramic element) Also 2771513
2792456	1957	Lindenberg	Fairchild	Vibration Translating Device (Monaural Cutter driven by moving coil)
2819088	1958	Felix	"Sears, Roebuck & Co."	Tone Arm Construction for Phonograph (arm shape itself is amplifying sound mechanically without using diaphragm of sound box)
2819089	1958	Williams	Dictaphone Corporation	Recording Method using translating head and stylus (Recording on plastic belt)
2840644	1958	Klingener	Sonotone Corporation	Phonograph Pickups (Piezoelectric) Also 2717929
2847514	1958	Evans	RCA	Automatic Variable Pitch Control Apparatus for Disc Recorders
2848559	1958	Palo	The Astatic Corporation in Ohio	Universal Phonograph Pick-up Cartridge
2854529	1958	Williamson	Ferranti Limited in UK	Pickup Heads (moving-conductor type called also as ribbon type). This idea is not new (for example 1916162-1933 invented by Parker and assigned to Pacent Electric Company used U-shape copper strip as armature).
2858374	1958	Goldmark	Columbia Broadcasting System	Stereophonic Record using monophonic double faces (Also 2950116)
2858375	1958	Preston	RCA	Wide range dynamic phonograph pickup
2864897	1958	Kaar	Hoffman Electronics Corporation	Universal Pickup Head (Vertical/Lateral/Stereo by changing connection)
2875282	1959	Reiback	NA	Binaural Phonograph Pickup (L/V stereophonic type since this patent was applied in 1953 before 45/45 stereo era)
2879413	1959	Johannsen	Sonotone Corporation	Phonograph Pickups (Piezoelectric)
2881005	1959	Faillace	Sonotone Corporation	Phonograph Pickups (Piezoelectric)
2883478	1959	McConnell	Electro-Sonic Laboratories	Moving Armature Phonograph (MC type) Pickups. Also 3043920 (Permanent Magnetized Rotor on pivot)
2917590	1959	Stanton	Stanton	Improvement of Monophonic MI Cartridges
2934610	1960	Dieter	Sonotone Corporation	"Piezoelectric Stereo Pickups (various construction) Also 2849239, 2955170, 2955216. And much later patent 3952171(1976) to Micro-Acoustics"
2939464	1960	Guest	BSR(Birmingham Sound Reproducers Ltd)	Auto-changing mechanism. Also 3049354 for auto-return and re-set mechanism
2939716	1960	Bauer	Shure	Stylus turnover=two needles cartridge
2948783	1960	Scully	NA	Cutter (esp. Depth) Control Means for cutting recording grooves (Scully Automatic Recoding Machine had already variable pitch control)
2951915	1960	Pearson	Sonotone Corporation	Playback system for stereophonic records with mechanical rumble filter
2960759	1960	Bondley	GE	Method of manufacturing phonograph styli (special shape of shank base suitable for bonding diamond tips). His another patent 2992007(1961) about titanium shank for bonding a diamond tip with solder bond of granulated nickel.
2962561	1960	Neumann	"TELDEC, Telefunken-Decca Schallplatten GmbH"	Method and apparatus for dual sound track recording (Cutting head) Also 3014992(Cutting head) & 3390888 (Cutting stylus)
2963556	1960	Redlich	TELDEC	Apparatus for Sound Recording (Variable Pitch) Also 2977424 & 2792454
2965378	1960	Assie	"Les Industries Musicales et Electrique Pathe Marconi, Paris"	Gramophone Pick-ups [about resilient stylus arm suspension]
2967214	1961	Vanderlyn	EMI=Electric and Musical Industries in UK	Moving Coil Electro-Mechanical Transducers
2974961	1961	Goldmark	Columbia Broadcasting System	Phongraph Reproducer (silicone oil Damped Arm suitable for the use on a movable vehicle)
2976551	1961	Watts	Cecil E Watts	Gramophone Records Cleaning Machine
2983516	1961	Bauer	Shure	Transcription Tone Arm: Incorporating Dynamic Damping Theory developed by B.B. Bauer
2983796	1961	Marshall	"The Garrard Engineering & Manufacturing Company Limited, Swindon, UK"	Moving Coil Pick-ups for phonographs and the like
2984711	1961	Bayliff	Decca London cartridges	Gramophone Pickup (Stereophonic L/V matrix to comply with 45/45 system). Bayliff invented 4100371(Loudspeaker system with phase difference compensation) for Decca Limited
2993234	1961	Miura	Tokyo Shibaura Elec (=Toshiba)	Antistatic Record Disks
2993698	1961	Stanton	Pickering Unipoise 194	Phonograph Pick-up Arm with one-point bearing.
3000005	1961	Moyer	RCA	"Off-Center Indicator [to check the concentricity of phonograph records and metal phonograph stampers]. In producing a stamper, the center hole is obliterated during the plating process: necessary to punch a center hole in each stamper anew. "
3005060	1961	Weathers	NA	L/V type variable capacitance cartridge to make applicable to any type of modulations(45/45 & L/V). In monophic era (1950), P. Weathers invented electrostatic pickup (US Patent 2507188)."
3013125	1961	Hollywood	Columbia Broadcasting System	Streophonic Recording: various ideas about amplitude, velocity limiter or expander for stereophonic recording system
3014992	1961	Angenendt	Telefunken GmbH	Dual Sound Track Transducer Head (Stereo cutting head)
3014993	1961	Narma	Fairchild Recording Equipment	Phonograph Pickup Cartridge: Sample of Moving Magnet
3020361	1962	Minter	NA	Electromagnetic Engraving Apparatus. J.B. Minter invented also 3067292: Stereophonic Sound Transmission & Reproduction (forerunner of CD-4 using FM technology)
3023459	1962	Cook	NA	"Method of manufacturing phonograph records (""microfusion"" method using pulverised resin instead of pre-mixed lump/biscuit/cake). His binaural records with two concentric grooves were produced in 1951- but similar was already invented by Dolittle of RCA (1817177 & 2126370) etc."
3028161	1962	Siebert	General Dynamics	Tone Arm Suspension and Balancing System. RA-498 by Stromberg-Carlson utilized viscous damping material in the trough of arm pivot suspension (forerunner to Decca/Keith Monks). His another patent No. 3025066 for Turntable PR-499
3040136	1962	Grado	Grado	"MC cartridges (Stereophonic & Monophonic). Vertical coil assembly in his another patent 3018336(1962) resembled to Ortofon Type A(2591996-1952) while this new patent had ""cross coils"" wound on a plastic cubic bobbin (magnetic? plug inside). "
3048667	1962	Jensen	Jensen Industry	Cartridge for Phonograph pickup (Electro-Mechanical Element=Piezoelectric?)
3051494	1962	Walton	Cosmocord Limited in UK	"Gramophone Pickups (Arm very similar to later patent 3167317 by Percy Wilson). John Walton worked also for The Decca Record Company in England and reported many articles to AES during '60 about ""stylus mass and elliptical points"" etc."
3051798	1962	Knudsen	Fonofilm Industri A/S (Ortofon)	Device for the recording or reproduction of sound tracks.
3053943	1962	Bachman	Columbia Broadcasting System	Phonograph Record Cutter (Stereophonic)
3055988	1962	Bauer	Shure	MM cartridge (originally monophonic cartridge) with offset around 18degrees at cantilever to be coupled with M12/M16 professional arms-see patent 2983516
3060280	1962	Wood	Electro-Voice	Stereophonic Mechanical Transducer (=Piezoelectric) Similar patent 3523690 by Vanderkoppel was assigned to Electro-Voice.
3060281	1962	Snepvangers	Fairchild Recording Equipment	Phonograph Pickup Cartridge: Sample of Variable Reluctance type cartridge with unique suspension. He invented capacity pickup and assigned many patents (2397888 &2417712& 2426061etc) to RCA. He worked also for CBS 1944-1957.
3062925	1962	Pritchard	GE	"Phonograph Pickup Cartridge and Replacement Stylus Therefor. Also 3015703, 3118978, 3219764 etc"
3067295	1962	Stanton	"Pickering & Company, Inc."	Various Stereophonic MI Cartridges
3075052	1963	Terry	EMI=Electric and Musical Industries Limited in UK	Method of making grooved records (Variable Pitch and Depth Control).
3077521	1963	Ahrens	Shure	Stereophonic MM (ELAC engineers in Kiel got German patent No. 1 105 628 in 1957 and its US patent was assigned to Shure). Also 3463889(1969) for Streophonic cartridge with detailed drawing about yoke-construction
3077522	1963	Gunter	Shure	Stereophonic pickup cartridge
3088742	1963	Alexandrovich	Fairchild Recording Equipment	Inside force cancelling device
3118977	1964	Olson	RCA	Multi-groove Stereophonic Sound Recording and Reproducing System
3129008	1964	Suzuki	JVC	Inside force cancelling device(spring) for arm
3133161	1964	Neumann	Neumann	Electro-Mechanical Transducer with negative feedback for the recording and reproduction of sound waves
3142729	1964	Davis	Litton Systems	Phonograph Reproducer (Twin moving coils). Westrex Corp was a wholly-owned subsidiary of Litton Industries since 1956 and the successor to Western Electric's cinema sound business unit.
3146319	1964	Stanton	"Pickering & Company, Inc."	Magnetc Cartridge with compensating pole piece (MM type).
3151221	1964	Pyke	EMI=Electric and Musical Industries	Gramophone Pick-ups (Variable Reluctance Type)
3167317	1965	Wilson	NA	"Tone Arm. Percy Wilson as the technical editor of the Gramophone wrote ""Needle-Track Alignment"" in 1924 and also designed record cleaning machine (based on which Loricraft etc made commercial models)."
3184242	1965	Capps	"Capps & Co., Inc."	Recording Stylus (special curved V form similar once proposed by Alberheim in 2310049-1943)
3184555	1965	Marshall	Garrard	Stereophonic Electrostatic Pick-up
3186029	1965	Joseph	Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Inc. [MGM]	Machine for making Disk Phonograph Records
3186932	1965	Scott	"Audio Matrix, Inc."	"Apparatus for forming phonograph record masters, mothers and stampers "
3189353	1965	Grado	Grado	Record cleaning device for mounting on a record changer tone arm
3194896	1965	Redlich	TELDEC	Streophonic Transducer with adjustable feedback coils
3201432	1965	Hammond	V-M Corporation	Drive Yoke for Phonograph Pickups (Yoke for piezoelectric elements)
3201527	1965	Ahrens	Electroacustic Gesellschaft (ELAC)	Phonograph pickup for grooved records
3207857	1965	Poutot	US Philips	Electrodynamic Transducer (Ideas for stereophonic cutters or pickups)
3215439	1965	Lindenberg	The Astatic Corporation in Ohio	Compliant Phonograph Stylus Mounting (two styli on cantilever=stylus turnover for piezoelectric pickup)
3215440	1965	Wood	"Euphonics Corporation, Puerto Rico"	Phonograph Cartridge (Rotary lever exchanging cantilevers each with stylus for LP or SP).
3215785	1965	Palo	The Astatic Corporation in Ohio	Stereophonic Piezoelectric Pickup Cartridge
3216730	1965	Ogura	NA	Recording Needle and Method for making the same (bonded tip forming is shown in detail)
3218399	1965	de Vries	"Ronette Piezoelectrische Industrie, Amsterdam"	"""Ronette"" type Piezoelectric Stereo Pickup. Also 3022384, 3136554, 3136555, 3,178520, 3514550, 3525528 etc. Also 2825763(1958) for Monophonic Piezoelectric Pickup"
3219351	1965	Shaper	Dyna-Empire(EMPIRE)	Tone Arm Lift by Magnetic force. Similar type was already invented by Kellog of RCA 2324214-1943
3229048	1966	Fox	RCA	Recording System for compensating expected distortions on playback. Related patent 2960568 by Leyton assigned to RCA : Tape Reproducing System.
3230318	1966	Engel	Telefunken	Transducer(Cutter/Pickup etc)
3231283	1966	Stanton	Stanton Unipoise #200	Arm with one-point bearing pin: VTF adjustable by sliding the weight on the arm wand. His another patent 3309094 for Phonoghraphic Turntable Assembly
3243188	1966	Caddy	Garrard	Record Changing Mechanism
3243524	1966	Laux	RCA	"Phonograph pickup with resiliently loaded stylus beam (piezoelectric element is inherently stiff and heavy, hence beam is designed to have reduced mechanical impedance for better performance) Also 3102171"
3254897	1966	Holmes	NA	Tone Arm (Tangential straight arm extending from side)
3261925	1966	Smith	"A. Bernard Smith Laboratories, Inc. in Ohio"	Stereophonic Photoelectric Transducer (Semi-conductor Photoelectric Cell: germanium transistor)
3292935	1966	Cooper	Decca Limited in UK	Magnetic Anti-skating Mechanism (claim priority, application GB July 1962)"
3292936	1966	Grado	Grado	Elliptical stylus making from cone by cutting front and back faces
3294405	1966	Pritchard	Audio Dynamics Corp (ADC)	IM cartridge having removable stylus
3297831	1967	Stanton	Stanton	Magnetc Stereophonic Phonograph Pickup (New Construction of MM type).
3298059	1967	Sakamoto	JVC	Press Machine for Molding Records
3299219	1967	Madsen	Bang & Orfusen (B&O)	MMC(=Moving Micro Cross=Moving Iron) & MC with low moving mass. SP7/9 were plug-ins for B&O arm
3301565	1967	Bachman	Columbia Broadcasting System	Phonograph Record Reproducing Apparatus (Inclined arm base & cartridge supension)
3315967	1967	Laufer	Dual Gebruder Steidinger	Antiskating Device (Spring and lever). Actual device applied on 1019 looks much refined/modified from original drawing.
3318603	1967	Motimer	Garrard	Inside force cancelling device (thrust bar and L-shape weight)
3328037	1967	Lehmann	Dual	Apparatus for measuring antiskating force in pick-ups
3329997	1967	Rand	EMI=Electric and Musical Industries	Apparatus for Automatic Production of Gramophone Records. Also 3264386
3351830	1967	Wilner	Endevco Corporation	"Piezoresistive Transducer. Also 3501732: Semiconductive Piezoresistive Transducer. Engineers (Wood and Grover) of Euphonics Corporation reported in AES Convention (Oct.1965):""In October of 1964 Euphonics Corporation announced the development of a new phonograph transducer utilizing ... Since the development of this silicon fiber by Endevco Corporation, several years of rigorious testing and use in the ..."" Later (1976) cartridge SDT-10 by Win Laboratories follows similar system. "
3356795	1967	Shaper	Dyna-Empire(EMPIRE)	Stereophonic Magnetic Phonograph Pickup . MM & IM cartidges
3360616	1967	Shiga	Denon	Stereophonic Ribbon Cartridge
3377439	1968	Rouy	"Erie Technological Products, Inc."	Binaural Piezoelectric Pickup
3383752	1968	Hukao	Toshiba	Method of preparing stylus from corundum (sapphire or ruby crystal). Crystalline orientation with respect to the direction of rubbing between stylus and record for extended life time of corundum tip.
3383474	1968	Kriebel	Electroacustic Gesellschaft (ELAC)	Electromagnetic pickup with exchangeable stylus assembly for phonograph records
3388912	1968	Shimoda	Sony	"Pickup Arm. Anti-skating mechanism by cam and lever with spring. Also 3492006 about the location of Lateral Balance Weight. Mr. Seisuke Shimoda from Toho Machine Co., Ltd which has been engaged in precision machining since 1947."
3390888	1968	Klemp	TELDEC	Recording Device (cutting stylus in consideration of VMA/VTA)
3393915	1968	Osborne	The Wurlitzer Company	"Two-Speed Phonograph Drive for ""juke boxes"". Also 3131800(1964) by Osborne for Coin Controlled Phonograph and 3734512 for Tonearm Assembly for Automatic Phonograph"
3399900	1968	Tsukamoto	Satin cartridges	"Dynamic Mechanism having a damper. Also 3142786(patented 1964, applied 1960) about round coil of aluminum ribbon wire (10x100microns) for MC cartridges [later models since M6-45 are said to have triangle coils]"
3402935	1968	Kitazawa	Nippon Columbia (Denon)	"Automatic Record Player Apparatus (""juke boxe"" or ""music box"")"
3403233	1968	Cooper	NA	Method of making grooved records with compensation for reproduction errors. Tracing Simulator/Compensator
3441688	1969	Shaper	Empire	MI Cartridges
3444335	1969	Walton	NA	Phonograph Pickup with de-coupling of the stylus mass (showing electrically equivalent circuit for mechanical piezoelectric element and damper)
3457374	1969	Redlich	TELDEC	Recording Method and Apparatus for compensating third order distortions. Tracing Simulator for 3rd harmonic distortion in addition to previous method (2nd harmonic distortion compensating upon recording).
3469040	1969	Shaper	Empire Scientific Corp(EMPIRE)	Variable Reluctance Cartridges
3479038	1969	Eisner	NA	Tangential Arm/Turntable floating bearing with pneumatic power from turntable motor air-pressure
3482061	1969	Grado	"A-2 & BE (elliptic stylus), BT/R &BR("	"Stereophonic Cartridge (Piezoelectric type, the compliance of which is adjustable at user's end to match with tone arm mass)"
3484566	1969	Kuriyagawa	Toshiba	Disc Recording System with precompensation by successive differentiation
3486757	1969	Loescher	Lenco A G	Record Cleaning Device (Arm type: cleaning fluid is made of distilled water and detergent or distilled water and ethyl alchol=ethanol )
3490771	1970	Bauer	Columbia Broadcasting System	Sound Recording Method and Apparatus describing the method to reduce the difference between VMA and VTA by determining springback value and effect.
3494623	1970	Nesle	"Firma Perpetuum Ebner, Fabrik fur Fein-mechanik und Elektrotechnik Steidinger & Co"	"Arm with two coil springs (one for VTF, another antiskating). Antiskating Force is obtained simultaneously with tracking force by means of a synchronized cam. P+E merged into DUAL in 1971."
3497636	1970	Bayless	NA	Monaural-Binaural Phonograph with independent spaced styli
3503615	1970	Matsuda	Denon	Auto Players (starting point for electromagnetic control of arm) Also 3689079(1972) etc
3524950	1970	Konagaya	Tokyo Shibaura Elec (=Toshiba)	Stereophonic Photoelectric Pickup Device
3526690	1970	Bachman	CBS	Method and Apparatus for producing Phonograph Records
3526728	1970	Iga	Matsushita=Technics	Variable Reluctance Cartridge
3528127	1970	Damm	Carl Lindstrom Gesellschaft in Germany	Apparatus for the automatic production of Gramophone Records
3528665	1970	Klemp	TELDEC	Method and Apparatus for cutting a groove in the surface.
3531601	1970	Muttick	Sonotone Corporation	Phonograph Pickup Cartridge with selectively settable compliance. Also 3527900
3534968	1970	Puleston	Bruce Diamond Corporation	Elliptical Phonograph Stylus 0.7x0.2mil (forerunner to Van den Hul type with constant radius of curvature=edge. Included angle 60-65degrees and arcuate chord distance 0.9mil of radius 0.7mil for bottom in this patent)
3538266	1970	Cho	Micro Seiki	IM cartridge with magnet located behind armature (unique stylus holder knob was intended preliminarily for optimum stylus pressure)
3542972	1970	Braun	NA	Individual adjustable magnets for MM
3546399	1970	Stanton	"Pickering & Company, Inc."	Induced Magnetic Moving Iron Stereophonic Phonograph Pickup with replaceable stylus assembly
3572724	1971	Rabinow	RABCO	"Linear Tracking Arm with servo-drive on spring suspension. In 1968 Rabinow formed the RABCO company to manufacture straight-line phonographs, and the company was later bought out by Harman-Kardon Corporation. His other patents 2915315(1959), 3129946, 3249361, 3249362, 3356372, 3390886, 3675932 etc."
3572725	1971	Murphy	"Pickering & Company, Inc."	Removable brush attachment on cartridge
3576955	1971	Obata	Matsushita=Technics	New armature assembly for MM: disc-shaped magnet of platinum-cobalt alloy. A pipe of magnetic conductor is provided to reinforce the coupling between stylus arm and the magnet and at the same time to increase equivalently the length of magnet and increase the magnetic moment of the magnet under vibration.
3610840	1971	Miller	RCA	"Stereophonic Phonograph Picup with single pad for piezoelectric element coupling, support and damping [Stylus Turnover Piezoelectric Type]. Also 3699268"
3627931	1971	Matsuda	Denon	MM Cartridge with E-shaped cores & flat magnet (for ex. thickness 0.5mmx 2mm square/diameter). Windings are wound on the centre leg of E-shaped core. Also multi-layered cantilever is shown.
3632886	1972	Scheiber		Quadrasonic Sound System. Matrix 4 channel surround. Also 3746792-1973(Multidirectional Sound System) & 3959590-1976(Stereophonic Sound System) & 5857016-1997(Space-mapping sound system) etc
3635622	1972	Wechsler	"Capitol Records, Inc."	Automatic Record Press
3645541	1972	Aikman	SME	Pickup Arms (Design quite different from any SME arms: side thrust is compensated by inclination of pivotal axis.)
3646279	1972	Stanton	"Pickering & Company, Inc."	Induced Magnetic Moving Iron Stereophonic Phonograph Pickup with replaceable stylus assembly and one common pole piece
3654660	1972	Taylor	Vacorec	Phonograph Record Vacuum Cleaner. Also 3005223 & 3150401
3665123	1972	Ikeda	"Mitachi Onkyo Seisakusho (brand name ""GLANZ"")"	IM Cartridge
3673354	1972	Oda	Matsushita=Technics	Semiconductor Stress Transducer (various drawings for armature constructions: some are too complicated so that the simplest is realized?)
3679843	1972	Cho	Micro Seiki	MC cartridge with V shape core for coils. MC-4100 is forerunner of detachable/replaceable stylus assy for MC system.
3682485	1972	Guha	V-M Corporation	Phonogram Tone Arm. Guha also invented later for Avnet=B.I.C.turntables and arms.
3683128	1972	Grado	All GRADO cartridges since '70s	"Flux-Bridging Streophonic Picup. Also 3694586(1972) toroidal armature, 3881073(1975), 4031336(1977) and 4174111(1979) cantilever anchor suspension"
3683248	1972	Kobayashi	Matsushita=Technics	Directly Driven Turntable. Later motors since 1971 have been much simplified (without skewed stator slot) in order to make winding the stator easy - see US Patent 3860843(1975)
3686471	1972	Takahashi	Victor Company of Japan (JVC)	"Discrete 4 Channel Recording/Reproducing System. Preceding Patent 3401237(1968):""Simultaneous Recording of Two Signals per Channel"" invented by Kenjiro TAKAYANAGI (famous inventor of TV in Japan) and assigned to JVC. Additional patent 3883699(1975) for system and 4033592(1977) for special cutting stylus."
3686939	1972	Fuchs	Shure	Stylus Tracking Force Gauge
3697087	1972	Takahashi	Pioneer	Automatic Record Player (repeat function with sub-motor for arm control)
3700829	1972	Anneberg	Fonofilm Industri A/S (Ortofon)	IM=VMS(Variable Magnetic Shunt) Cartridge: The armature acts as a variable magnetic load conveying stylus movements. Patent reissued in 1977 under RE 29232
3720796	1973	Honma	Audio Technica	AT-35X -- V shape magnets=VM (Japan patent application 42/53200 year 1967)
3722893	1973	Shimoda	"Toho Machine CO., Ltd. "	Tone Arm Mechanism. Also 4004817(1977). Seisuke Shimoda once invented patents 3388912/3492006 for Sony
3729596	1973	Toth	"Hermut Wilms in Lubeck, Germany"	Pickup or Cutting Device with two moving coils
3731009	1973	Watanabe	Toshiba	Capacitive Transducer directly coupled to cantilever (Electret Condenser type cartridge)
3745263	1973	Kawakami	NA	Electro-static transducers (condenser type pickup) His previous patent 3649775 was assigned to Sony.
3761647	1973	Nemoto	Audio Technica	V shape IM cartridges (Japan patent application. 43/57408 year 1968)
3763335	1973	Morita	Matsushita=Technics	Idea for cartridge with magnet armature NSN
3770901	1973	Bauer	Columbia Broadcasting System	"Stereo-Quadraphonic Records. Also 3745242, 3784744, 3875338 about decoders, 3890466 about encoders"
3771797	1973	Braun	NA	Linear Tracking Guide with magnetic floating mechanism
3774918	1973	Shibata	Victor Company of Japan (JVC)	Stylus Tip (Shibata type) Suitable for 4 channel reproduction. Its line contact profile (a curve of large radius of curvature in its parts in contact with a record groove in a vertical section) is easy to be obtained: two planes cut off from cone.
3779563	1973	Irisawa	NA	Magnetic Device for Anti-skating (Two Crescent Magnets inside of Arm Pillar)
3786193	1974	Tsurushima	Sony	Four Channel Decoder with Variable Mixing of the Output Channels. Also 3883692 In 1968 Sony started a joint company CBS-Sony Record Company in Japan.
3787622	1974	Itoh	Sansui	"Quadrasonic Sound System for Two Channel Transmissions. Matrix 4 channel surround. Also RE29171(3777076), 3783192, 3825684, 3836715, 3887770, 3892918, 3934086, 3952157, 3982069, 4021612 etc."
3813101	1974	Benz	NA	Pickup needle having a diamond tip soldered by a hard solder to a shaft
3829615	1974	Hiramatsu	Mitsubishi Denki(Electric)	Quaternary Stereophonic Sound Reproduction Apparatus.
3830459	1974	Strausfeld	EMI Electrola in Germany	Record Presses. Also 4141531
3846592	1974	Stanton	780/4DQ	MI Cartridge for 4-channel groove reproduction
3850436	1974	Rabe	Polyband Gesellschaft in Munich	Method of cutting gramophone records: Pitch and Depth control in consideration of reproducing stylus profile
3871664	1975	Hughes	"Diamagnetics, Inc."	Phonograph Stylus (reproducing stylus improved from Shibata type)
3878342	1975	Gudmandsen	Fonofilm Industri A/S (Ortofon)	Replaceable Stylus for Pickup
3904837	1975	Sugimoto	Hitachi	Magnetic Pickup Cartridge (disc-shaped moving magnet pivotally supported on the rear end of needle holder: one-point pivot and receptacle both made of hard jewel in order to have definitive fulcrum)
3918722	1975	Nakajima	Sony	Tone Arm Wand of Carbon Fibers.
3918723	1975	Nakajima	Sony	Cantilever made of Carbon fibers. Embodiment in XL-35 and XL-45 was carbon-clad aluminum cantilever
3923309	1975	Nakajima	Sony	Cartridge shell for phonograph pickup. Carbon-clad shell is based on another patent 3957272 invented by Yasuda ans assigned to Sony: ""the carbonaceous fibers bonded together by a synthetic resin and secured to a metal cover plate by a suitable adhesive or by a heat-press.
3927887	1975	Otani	Matsushita=Technics	Record stylus. Stylus substrate having a surface coated with a film of silicon carbide or boron carbide thereon
3932087	1976	Lindell	Toolex Alpha Aktiebolag (Sweden) [now ALPHA SWEDEN]	"Arrangement in moulding presses with parted press tools for the production of hot-pressed plastic material products, especially grammophone records "
3941547	1976	Green	"United Artists Music and Records Group, Inc."	Phonograph record pressing die assembly
3944754	1976	Ishigaki	Victor Company of Japan (JVC)	Record disc recording system with signal amplitude controlled by stylus arm position. Signal amplitude limitting toward inner (softer operation than tracing simulators).
3948529	1976	Wittenberg	"Pickering & Company, Inc."	Phonograph Turntable Anti-skating Device
3951841	1976	Maier	Discwasher Inc	Phonograph record cleaning composition (see also 3965520 Brush and cleaning composition for phonograph records)
3952171	1976	Dieter	Micro-Acoustics Corporation	Stereo phonograph cartridge (stereo piezo-electric cartridge) Also 4326285-1982 (new design of damper)
3954273	1976	Shaper	Empire	Magnetic Cartridge. Magnetic rod within cantilever pipe, main magnet axial at the end of poles, other two magnets for flux balancing at side. Unique double dampers: cantilever suspension and inner magnet piece suspension inside cantilever.
3956598	1976	Kawakami	Sony	Moving coil pickup cartridge with diaphragm coupling
3958292	1976	Powell	Milty Products Limited	Roller for cleaning phonograph records (adhesive tape peeling off after use)
3960790	1976	Khanna	RCA
3961797	1976	Tsukagoshi	Pioneer	Improvement of cantilever: an aluminum pipe whose periphery carries a porous vacuum vapor deposited beryllium layer
3963880	1976	Ikeda	FR	Moving coil-type cartridge (Non-magnetic bobbin) Japanese Patent Application S49-85387(Publication S51-014002)
3964752	1976	Charlin	NA	"Methods and devices for recording, engraving and reproducing modulated information in tetraphony: 2separate grooves 4 channels. His other patents 2437997,2458346,2488763&2506441about cinematograph and condensor. 1904408(1933) about Needle Securing Device for Talking Machine"
3966330	1976	Ridler	Strathearn Audio Limited	Phonograph record detecting arrangement (optical beam and sensor for size select)
3973777	1976	Guha	"Avnet, Inc."	"Cueing control. Dwipendra Nath Guha invented also 3949995(needle control-unique dynamic arm with two springs for side and down forces) & 4004816(programmer for record player) for Avnet, Inc in New York.. AVNET, the owner of importer ""British Industies Corp."" (B-I-C) needed their own products since Plessey of England (parent company of Garrard in this era) set up their own distribution of Garrard products in USA. Related patent 3973778 for belt-drive turntable assigned to Avnet."
3975025	1976	Obata	Matsushita=Technics	Pickup Cartridge (Piezoelectric)
3983335	1976	Nemoto	Audio Technica	MM cartridge with single rod magnet located tangential to cantilever.
3988024	1976	Watanabe	Toshiba	Flat DD Motor: a plurality of magnets provided on the inner surface of the turntable so as to be disposed in a state alternately opposite in polarity and a plurality of coils provided on a stationary substrate disposed to face said turntable to have an increased driving torque - see Fig.10
3989903	1976	Cooper	Nippon Columbia (Denon)	"Multi-directional sound signal recording and/or reproducing system with crosstalk compensation means. Also 3985978. Improved discrete 4 channel system named as UM system=UMX:""UNIVERSAL MATRIX""system compatible to CD-4, RM and SQ/QS and regular stereophonic disks for reproducing 4 channels. "
3991284	1976	Braun	MM Cartridges with two magnets
3993315	1976	Sorensen	B&O	Automatic phonographs with liner tracking arms. Using photocell for controlling arms.
3997174	1976	Kawashima	Sony	Turntable Mat. The vibration-damping properties of the mat may be enhanced by providing solid particles which float in the viscous liquid. Also 4079946
3997817	1976	Secker	Milty ZEROSTAT	"Device for neutralizing the charge on statically-charged surfaces. British Patent GB1500492-1978
D251558	1977	Ikeda	Infinity	Tone Arm Design.(Design Patent). Ikeda Makoto designed another arm D257534(1980) with new counter weight system
4009885	1977	Pritchard	Sonic Research Corp.	Magnetic Pickup and Removable Stylus Assembly of Low Mass. Pritchard left ADC and started Sonic Research Corp. around 1975. Also 4067582 about stylus suspension
4011417	1977	Kageyama	GLANZ	"New type MM cartridge (coils fixed to the end of yoke) looking like mixture of MM, IM and MC"
4023130	1977	Ridle	Strathearn Audio Limited	Pivoted arm control arrangements. Electro-magnetic counterbalance and VTF system. This patent is also registered in Japan (S51-23702 in 1976) by Strathearn.
4031335	1977	Smit	US Philips	Stereo pick-up with casing serving as common pole piece. Also 4456984(1984)
4033591	1977	Ichikawa	Ichikawa Hoseki Kabushiki Kaisha	"Pick-up arm rotary pivot bearing structure (""One Point Cross Suspension System"")"
4033592	1977	Tokuta	Victor Company of Japan (JVC)	Record Disc Cutting Stylus (esp. for 4-channel record disc recording system)
4037060	1977	Uchida	"Japan Piezo Co., Ltd (Azden)"	"IM cartridge with both a rod-shaped armature and a disk-shaped armature (called as tri-pole armature): patented in Japan, Canada, GB, Germany and USA."
4038009	1977	Toull	EMI Limited in UK	Apparatus for the manufacture of disc records. Automated record press incorporated with trimming the flash around the edge of the disc. This contains good reference to previous patents in LP era. Also 4141538 for disc record press
4039194	1977	Nakagawa	Matsushita=Technics	"Auto changer. See also patent 3827697-1974 (reissue RE29730-1978) invented by Miyoshi about record player operating ""six cycles by rotating the index wheel until the number ""6"" appears on the viewing window"". "
4039195	1977	Iyeta	Nippon Gakki (Yamaha)	"Linear Tracking Arm with optical servo-drive. His another patent 4007939, 4083565, 4139200 etc."
4046386	1977	Gosling	Strathearn Audio Limited	Linear Tracking Arm with electric coils for sensors.
4047721	1977	Hermann	Dual	"Drive Device with Belt and Stepped Pulley. ""Vario Pulley"" for auto player. "
4053721	1977	Nishikawa	Pioneer	Piezoelectric type pickup cartridge for stereo with pressing and intermediate members for coupling
4054291	1977	Maeda	Sony	Turntable mat with rubber sucker discs.
4065188	1977	Ridler	Strathearn Audio Limited	Linear bearing for parallel tracking arm. Thin film of magnetic fluid lubricant material between the bearing surfaces
4072823	1978	Minamizono	"Mitachi Onkyo Seisakusho (brand name ""GLANZ"")"	"Pickup cartridge called as ""Moving Flux""(see also 4011417). Unique construction having merit of MM/IM/MC. Also see Design patent D266504(1982) assigned to The Astatic Corporation (cartridge model MF200). Also 4123067 about unique stylus pivot suspension (embodied in model G-7 cartridge)"
4075418	1978	Nemoto	Audio Technica	Assembly of armature in continuation from 3761647: current AT clip-on stylus holders for VM stylus assembly
4079942	1978	Kunen	Jazlowiecki; Edward A.	Method of and apparatus for controlling turntable speed: proposing constant linear velocity of turntable as later CD player.
4079943	1978	Morita	Matsushita=Technics	Pickup arm device dynamically damped (silicon oil+spring incorporated in balance weight)
4085940	1978	Hoshimi	Sony	Automatic Player with repeat function (auto-return force is obtained by gear coupled to spindle motor). Also 4098512 & 4106775 by Takizawa assigned to Sony
4090039	1978	Mori	Sony	MC Cartridge: coils are wound in such a manner that the electric potentials generated in diametrically opposite coils are added together. Also related patent No. 4410975(1983) about improved damper with grooves for better separation between channels.
4093833	1978	Tsukamoto	Satin cartridges	Moving Coil Cartridge with magnetic means to affix stylus holder (Patent in Japan 15/7/1975: 50-86422) Also 4179589 about cantilever suspension
4093897	1978	Fujita	Hitachi	"Electric motor (Star-shaped flat driving coils to obtain constant torque=called as ""Unitorque motor"") Also 4109170 & 4260920 etc"
4101133	1978	Aoki	Denon	Tone Arm with Dynamic Damping Mechanism (Design Patent D253410 by Sasaki 1979 for DA-307).
4102536	1978	Clunis	Minessota Mining & Manufacturing Company	Phonograph Pickup Device (Magnetic Control of tone arm with coil and magnet)
4103116	1978	Mishima	Nippon Gakki (Yamaha)	Pickup Cartridge with Moving Magnet Armature
4103117	1978	Morinaga	Trio	Combination of MM/IM with two magnets
4105212	1978	Ogura	Ogura Jewel Industry	"Stylus (called as ""VITAL"") BTW: in 1971Ogura developed 4-channel stylus PM type different from Shibata(JVC). "
4105213	1978	Owaki	Victor Company of Japan (JVC)	Device for cutting a sound groove on a disc recording medium (a cutting stylus with non static electricity structure to avoid sticking the chip cuts to groove) Also 4212471(1980)
4109114	1978	Baer	Marvin Glass & Associates	"Programmable phonograph device detecting the bands (maybe first example using LED and photodetectors along cartridge), Also 4119844 for sensor builtin cartridge"
4113265	1978	Iyeta	Nippon Gakki (Yamaha)	Tone Arm with Dynamic Lateral Balancer and Damper
4113266	1978	Alexandrovich	"Pickering & Company, Inc."	Playback stylus for phonograph record stamper. Related patent 4153257 is for a turntable to enable playback of record matrices and stampers. The turntable rotates in the direction opposite that of a conventional turntable and is provided with a tone arm carrying a stylus designed to ride the ridges of the stamper. Also 4113267 invented by Wittenberg and assigned to Pickering
4117412	1978	"Holman	Advent Corporation	Phonograph preamplifier network with infrasonic cutoff response Also 4032885
4120742	1978	Asano	JVC	Capacitance type pickup stylus and method of producing same
4121837	1978	Tominari	Onlife Research (Dynavector)	"A device for damping vibrations of a tone arm. Eddy current damper and dynamic mechanical damper are applied on the main arm of DV-505 while additional eddy current damper for sub arm as indicated in Fig. 9 & 10 is omitted from actual models. Dr. Tominari (deceased in 2002) was professor in Tokyo Metropolitan University [servo technology], established Dynavector in 1977, also developing fuel injection for MIKUNI (carburetor maker) in Japan."
4124216	1978	Sorensen	B&O	Linear Tracking Player
4124782	1978	Schon	AKG	Sound pickup having plastic enveloped pole plate to pole rod junction. Also 4054758 for cartridge damper [AKG-TS-system: TS stands for Transversal Suspension]
4124783	1978	Nemoto	Audio Technica	Two moving coils. Actual embodiment is modified from this patent: first embodiment AT34 with 180degrees reverse location of coils while later models have V shape bobbins connected to the end of cantilever similar to their VM type.
4128909	1978	Kawabe	Nagaoka	Roller for cleaning phonograph records (Adhesive rubber roller washable after use)
4132935	1979	Gaus	Braun Aktiengesellschaft	Phonograph turntable control system (for auto player incorporating electronic anti-skating etc). Also 4158459 for the arm weight device to provide a low profile pick-up arm. Also 4266783:Control mechanisms for pick-up arms of record players
4135086	1979	Baba	Nippon Gakki (Yamaha)	Automatic record player of linear tracking pickup arm type (using optical sensor devices)
4138121	1979	Nakajima	Sony	Electro-magnetic controlled arm. Embodied arm as ""BIOTRACER"" looks related to later patents 4184688, 4214756, 4214757, 4240641, 4241926 etc.
4138122	1979	Nakatsuka	Ortofon	MC cartridges with improved damper construction. Also 4220341(Pickup) & 4145582(MC cartridge with square magnetic armature) Nakatsuka visited Ortofon around 1976 and assisted in development of MC20 etc.
4140321	1979	Albert	"Pickering & Company, Inc."	"Phonograph cartridge replaceable stylus assembly. ""The tube is crimped along a circular crimp line engaging the damper intermediate the forward and rear edges with the portions of the damper that do not engage the crimp also being free of the tube""."
4143248	1979	Broeksema	US Philips	High-Fidelity Tone Arm
4151998	1979	Kurtin	Discwasher Inc	Phonograph tone arm and cartridge damping system
4157460	1979	Bottali	CBS	Apparatus for cutting audio disks: references to patents by SCULLY with WESTREX/TELDEC with NEUMANN etc.
4161631	1979	Matsuda	Denon	Compact MC Cartridge without magnet pole in front of coils which are driven by coaxial ring magnet. Any yoke for producing parallel magnetic field as in the prior art is not required and the pickup can be constructed quite compactly in the cantilever support member.
4167026	1979	Sambe	Aiwa	Apparatus for recording on tape from a phonograph record (Phonograph-Tape synchro Mechanism) similar to patent by Sony 3906169(1975). Synchro function was popular in '80s.
4170361	1979	Zwicky	Willi Studer (REVOX)	Bearing arrangement: Magnetic control of arm by magnets (and/or coi? as shown in next patent 4170362)
4177360	1979	Fujimoto	Sansui	MM cartridges
4183537	1980	Nakatsuka	Namiki	Lateral pressure detector for use with a phonograph record player.
4185835	1980	Aikman	SME Series III	Tone Arms
4194744	1980	Groh	Shure	Phonograph pick-up transducer using a one-piece bearing and inertial damper fabricated from different materials
4199375	1980	Muller	DISCOFILM?	"Process for removing dust and grease from phonograph records. Similar US Patent No.4378597/4455636 were invented by Lion Corporation and embodied in Nagaoka/Jeweltone ""RECOPACK""."
4205856	1980	Hayashi	Stax Industries	"Pickup cartridge with sealing damper (called as ""tip damper"") to prevent entry of foreign matters such as moisture or dust into the cartridge casing. Electret condenser-type cartridge CP-Y is shown in Fig.1 though document refers to CP-X Condenser Pickup Cartridge. "
4209669	1980	Hayashi	Denon	"MM Cartridge with axial located (preferably hollow) coils without any yoke to prevent the generation of magnetic distortion by a yoke.
4209670	1980	Ono	Victor Company of Japan (JVC)	MC cartridges with printed coils. Also 4251695(1981) and 4374433(1983)
4211422	1980	Rangabe	Zerostat Components Ltd	Damping apparatus for damping the resonance of disc record tone arms. Also 4131284
4212471	1980	Nishiwaki	Victor Company of Japan (JVC)	Device for cutting a sound groove on a disc recording medium (anti-static diamond cutting stylus prevents cut chip from adhering to stylus and groove) Also 4105213(1978) by Owaki etc of JVC.
4218591	1980	Iwasawa	NA	Phonograph cartridge with very hard metal ceramic frame. Also 4344167 about shell and damping therefor
4220926	1980	Buckner	Plessey Handel und Investments AG. Swiss	Noise detector employing plural delay circuits. Garrard Music Recovery Module for supressing scratch noise upon playing records.
4221937	1980	Ikeda	FR	MI Cartridge
4230323	1980	Tsuji	Sharp=OPTONICA	Automatic (programmable) record player. This idea (nonrecorded section detection sensor =LED+optical sensor mounted on arm head) might be developed from earlier US Patent 4226425: Nonrecorded section detection in an automatic record. US Design Patent D265196-1982 shows RP-7100 with small modification.
4232869	1980	Wakabayashi	Matsushita=Technics	Damper made of an elastomer comprising a blend polymer of a silicone rubber polymer and polyisobutylene. TTDD=Technics Temperature Defense Damper
4233476	1980	Ikeda	FR-7	MC Cartridge (bobbin-less coils & 4 pole magnets)
4237349	1980	Gudmandsen	Ortofon	"Compact moving-coil pickup of low weight and high quality [square moving coil and ring magnet]. Also 4310917 about damping device consisting of a disc shaped inertia body clamped between two rubber pads - named by Ortofon as ""Wide Range Damping"" system."
4238646	1980	Aizawa	Nippon Gakki (Yamaha)	"MC Cartridge (V/H matrix, H-V matrix). "
4249747	1981	Bauer	Phonograph pick-up cartridge
4251080	1981	Sumachev	Korvet	"Tone arm: A viscous dynamic damping subassembly is designed to eliminate the main resonance frequency of the tone arm and includes a hollow casing rigidly affixed to the lever. ""Korvet""arm by A. Likhnitsky is related to this patent."
4256312	1981	Ikeda	R & D Office Makoto Ltd	Turn table device for record players (Air Floating Platter for belt drive system)
4257615	1981	Morch	Moerch UP-4	"Tone Arm. ""The suspension of the tone arm is of the dual-bearing type where the vertical movement of the arm takes place around two bearings, characterized in that the mid-point between said bearings is placed eccentrically with respect to the center of gravity of the said separate element/s and which bearings are attached on one side to the said element/s, and between said two bearings a vertical pin, which is also attached to said elements, is positioned and in combination being surrounded by damping fluid in a well that is positioned in the non moveable part of the tone arm in the said cavity, surrounded by the element/s, and on their other side the above two bearings are attached to bearings or just one bearing comprising the horizontal movement of the tone arm""."
4261580	1981	Tsukagoshi	Pioneer	"Arm pipe for record player tonearms (a composite material consisting of a thermoplastic resin and graphite powder). Also 4269416: Head shell for record player tonearms (a composite material consisting of a thermoplastic resin and graphite powder)
4263483	1981	Obata	Matsushita=Technics	MC Cartridge with core-less twin-ring coils
4264078	1981	Hattori	Koshin Denki	Pickup Arm with Magnetic Application on Anti-skating & VTF
4270758	1981	Kehl	Shure	"Lever operated stylus guard. This paper contains reference to previous patents, but first two references are Design patents assigned to Shure in 1975 (not 1875)!"
4275888	1981	Anderson	Shure	Stabilizing and static removing attachment for phonograph pickup cartridge. Also Design Patent D252628 by Wellwood and Deschamps
4276635	1981	Obata	Matsushita=Technics	T4P mounting device. Adaptor shell for connecting T4P cartridge to arm with SME type connector is shown. Also see 4571717(1986) assigned to Audio-Technica about T4P mounting adaptor for shell.
4277070	1981	Dinsdale	Cranfield Institute of Technology	Damping of arm/cartridge. Front End Damping Trough
4279691	1981	Aoki	Matsushita=Technics	Method of making boron cantilever (also 4212838, 4382454 and 4433408). Pioneer got similar patent 4254184 in 1981 about coating of cantilever. "
4281225	1981	Ito	Nippon Gakki (Yamaha)	MC cartridges (push-pull mode). Printed (photo-etching) aluminum-film coil on silicon plate.
4295277	1981	Dennessen	Dennessen Electronics	Stylus positioner tool with pointer for arm pivot
4305147	1981	Onishi	Pioneer	Tone arm damping device. Damping of both horizontal and vertical vibration forces utilizing a single damping mechanism around arm pivot assembly.
4312061	1982	Hayashi	Denon	Arm driving device (horizontal/vertical coils): DP-100M(1981) and DP-57L(1982)=DP-62L? DP-59L(1984) etc.
4317191	1982	Tatara	Sony	MC cartridge with replaceable stylus assembly
4323997	1982	Kuribayashi	Pioneer	"Linear-Tracking Pickup Arm Drive Assembly. A linear motor dictect-drive arm on two guide bars. Its unique jog dial ""REMOTE OPERATION/CONTROL KNOB"" was based on previous patents such as 4118039/4147365. Linear motor drive was shown also by Sony patent 4322840 (no embodiment?)"
4325016	1982	Takeuchi	Nippon Gakki (Yamaha)	Device for controlling pickup arm movement in linear tracking pickup arm apparatus. Design Patent D268028(1983) for PX-2(1979) is also adopted on PX-3(1981) with small modifications
4325132	1982	Kuehn	Audio Dynamics Corp (ADC)	Unitary phonograph cartridge and head assembly. Another patent No. 4165078 for Flip-up stylus protector with magnifying lens on it. Also 4340957
4326283	1982	Rensky	Quality Audio Components	Cartridge alignment system: this variation of Dennessen utilizes a sight line or sight ridge which is aimed at the pivot point for the tone arm instead of pointer.
4326285	1982	Dieter	Micro-Acoustics Ltd	Stereo phonograph cartridge. The elements were made of the piezoelectric material though quoted as electrets in commercial documents - maybe it is reasonable since its electrical equivalent circuit is similar to capacitance load. Also 4320492:Variable weight phonograph cartridge
4328573	1982	Kurtin	NAD International in Germany	"Precision phonocartridge interface (measuring and tuning adaptor between arm cable and phonoamp) In 1972, at a meeting in Europe, eight people representing companies in the USA, UK, France, Switzerland and Germany formed a HiFi company soon to be known as NAD (New Acoustic Dimension). "
4332050	1982	Okuda	Hitachi	Self-propelled record cleaner (also 4360906)Inventors working in Kyushu HITACHI Maxell so that two models were supplied from Lo-D(HITACHI) and Maxell(Battery brand of HITACHI)
4337533	1982	Ando	Aiwa	Front loading type record player
4345322	1982	Aizawa	Nippon Gakki (Yamaha)	"MM Cartridge (V/H matrix, H-V matrix) Also 4597071 by Ito etc assigned to Yamaha"
4346467	1982	Souther	Souther	Linear tracking tone arm (arm moves on carrige by mechanical gravity balance shift on the uneven parallel bars)
4351045	1982	Townshend	EEI Alignment Gauge	"Lateral Tracking Measuring/Alignment Tool for Arm (claim priority, application GB July 1979)"
4352176	1982	Itoh	Matsushita=Technics	"Electromagnetic pickup cartridge (low cost magnet without center hole can be applied, instead special magnet holder is used)"
4352178	1982	Kitamura	Kitamura	Cartridge Equalizr. Dynamic Lateral Balancer to be equipped additionally on the shell neck - funniest patent I ever see. It is based on the theory presented by Iyeta: US Patent 4113265: Tone pickup arm device keeping excellent dynamic lateral balance and damping effect.
4359768	1982	Abbagnaro	CBS	"Vertical tracking angle meter: Measuring instrument which extracts and directly displays the vertical tracking angle of a phonograph pickup during playback of a known test record signal, and which also has the capability of measuring and directly displaying tracing distortion"
4363705	1982	Hand	"Capitol Records, Inc."	"Passivating and silver removal method [in the processes of making Mother]. The term to ""passivate"" means to treat a metal surface so that a metallic coating can be applied to the treated surface and subsequently be removed therefrom. It is believed that the passivating aqueous solution of the present invention passivates a nickel surface by forming a conductive oxide layer on the surface. "
4364120	1982	Honma	Audio-Technica	MC cartridges with replaceable stylus assembly
4365325	1982	Van Den Hul	Van Den Hul	Stylus for Quadraphonic Reproducers (Also 4416005-1983)
4367544	1983	Fidi	AKG	Electromagnetic transducers for converting mechanically acoustic events into alternating voltages. [MI/IM cartridge using ring magnet similar to Ortofon VMS] Also 4512009 new damper developed further from 4054758 though actual embodiment looks much simplified without second elastic element.
4367546	1983	Shibata	Victor Company of Japan (JVC)	Vacuum Turntable System for a Record Player (also 4234195 & 4493072): Optional Suction Pump Unit=""Turbo-Disk-Stabiliser""This idea itself is not new (see 4065135-1977 by Doughty, 3608909-1971 by Rabinow)"
4368527	1983	Goldstein	NA	Phonograph cartridge alignment. New alignment template.
4368528	1983	Sakano	Sony	MM Cartridge with delta-shaped jointless laminated core
4370371	1983	Nakahira	Hohyu Rubber	Rubber disc for a record player turntable
4376304	1983	Uchida	Azden	MC cartridges with replaceable stylus assembly. Also 4272652
4383410	1983	Itoh	Matsushita=Technics	"Pickup Cartridge of Movable Magnet Type. Also 4140886, 4353125 etc"
4385375	1983	Okura	Pioneer	MC cartridges with replaceable stylus assembly
4395920	1983	Kurtin	Audio Dynamics Corp (ADC)	Digital stylus force gauge
4397012	1983	Burundukov	NA	Electrodynamic pickup cartridge having simplified coil structure Also 4237347 (Two Moving Magnets)
4397013	1983	Shiomi etc	Kyocera/Nagaoka	Cantilever and phonograph pickup cartridge. Cantilever pipe of a ceramic material composed mainly of aluminum oxide
4403880	1983	Sandors	California Sounds Ltd	Record cleaner/conditioner using pad with container for volatile liquid: this is interesting because of criticism on prior arts
4409526	1983	Yamauchi	Sony	Brushless DC Motor: common flat motor with two phase stator windings (4 coils) and 2 hall elements and 8 poles rotor magnet Also 4135120(1979)&4220879(1980) invented by Hosimi and assigned to Sony
4416003	1983	Suzuki	Sharp=OPTONICA	"Both Sides Play Vertical Linear Tracking Player (two tonearms with two MM cartidges, one on each side of the record to allow the continuous playback of both sides)."
4416006	1983	Kitamura	"(no assignment, but the inventors are mainly engineers of JVC)"	Record disc playing apparatus having the function for correcting rotational irregularities due to record disc eccentricity. Angular velocity is controlled electrically in accordance with the eccentric ratio.
4423499	1983	Peschel	AKG	Pickup adjusting equipment. The tool was supplied together with cartridge model P25MD series.
4434483	1983	Vinogradov	NA	"Tone arm. Modified one-point bearing comprising of uni-pivot and ball bearing. A vertical pivot attached to one of the bases and cooperating with a spherical thrust bearing in the other base, and a ball making contact with one of the bases and cooperating with a guiding element in the other base."
4434484	1984	Iwata	Audio-Technica	Stabilizer for record discs: detachably placed on the turntable of a record player to hold a record disc placed thereon by attraction (by vacuum pump).
4437179	1984	Nishikawa	Pioneer	MC cartridge: 4magnets and 6 poles (accurate alignment of stylus unit on cartridge body). Also 4327433 & 4519063
4441177	1984	Groh	Shure	"Stylus protection mechanism: called as ""Side guard stylus protection system"""
4441178	1984	Kobayashi	Nakamichi	Method of correcting a position of a disk record on a turntable (Disk Centre Searching Mechanism)
4453243	1984	Tanaka	Sony	Linear tracking arm drive apparatus
4455641	1984	Sliski	"Dennesen Electrostatics, Inc. "	Linear Tracking System with pneumatic guideway
4468627	1984	Fushiki	Nippon Gakki (Yamaha)	RIAA Equalizer circuit. An equalizer circuit is provided which has a high D.C. stability without degrading the equalization characteristic.
4470020	1984	Mohr	NA	Virtual ground preamplifier for magnetic phono cartridge (current amplifying method applied on magnetic cartridges)
4473897	1984	Seeler	Shure	Tubular beryllium phonograph needleshank and method of formation
4475185	1984	Fujio	Sansui Electric	Record player with vibration cancellation mechanism. Previous Patent 4425638 for Dual Turntable for cancellation.!
4479281	1984	Mikutowski	NA	Method and apparatus for cleaning phonograph records?Vacuum Cleaning)
4484320	1984	Redlich	TELDEC	"Apparatus and Method for cutting information into a metallic record carrier. Also 4538256, 4248438 & 4531207, 4748612(diamond stylus)"
4488284	1984	Aoki	Denon	MC cartridge (Twin dampers and yoke-less magnet circuit). Further development from earlier patent 4455639 by Aoki and 4161631by Matsuda etc.
4490816	1984	Kehl	Shure	Tonearm alignment gauge
"D279,775"	1985	Nemoto	Audio Technica	"Minimum-sized Portable (Battery Operated) Player. Design Patent D279755. There were similar products from Sony: battery operated ""Flamingo""PS-F9 with Dynamic Balanced Linear Tracking Arm & FM transmitter, mini-compo ""Heli Player""PS-Q7&9 with FM transmitter around 1982."
4494227	1985	Vroonhoven	US Philips	Stereo phono pick-up and/or cutter
4509159	1985	Alexandrovich	"Pickering & Company, Inc."	Aluminum-aluminum oxide stylus arm (=cantilever). The patent document is interesting only for other references in the past.
4512008	1985	Yokoyama	Nippon Gakki (Yamaha)	"Small signal amplifying circuit for a pickup cartridge: first transistor incorporated within shell as ""Satellite"" for head amplifier. "
4521877	1985	Shimamoto	Namiki Precision Jewel	Stylus (Micro-ridge etc)
4528653	1985	Asano	Sony	Record player with automatic music search function
4536865	1985	Kenmotu	Pioneer	Bookshelf type player (turntable sliding in and out from case) see also
4538255	1985	Kern	Georg Neumann GmbH	Method of and system for cutting a phonograph record with two-channel modulation. A system for controlling the mean depth and spacing of V-grooves
4547819	1985	Meitner	"Amber Electro Design, Inc. (Montreal, CA) "	Magnetic pickup preamplifier
4547874	1985	Mori	Sony	Moving coil type cartridge mounted on cantilever within central opening of ring magnet
4558443	1985	Nakamura	Tekudaiya Kabushiki Kaisha in Japan	Moving coil type pickup cartridge
4570253	1986	Firebaugh	Well-Tempered	Tone Arm having a bifilar flexible ligament suspension for vertical and lateral displacement
4580257	1986	Kikuchi	Pioneer	Dual drive system for phono pickup arm (programmed music selection). The prior art reference No. 4230324 is incorrect. Correct number should be 4230323-1980 (SHARP). Optical music selection idea was invented in 60s: for example 3368080-1968(CITIZEN). Seemingly this application originated from printing machine.
4580258	1986	Dinsdale	"Cranfield Institute of Technology/Elite Townshed, Ltd."	Auto-offsetting apparatus on arm (programmed slot)
4628500	1986	Thigpen	Eminent Technology	Air bearing straight line tracking phonograph tonearm
4644517	1987	Tominari	Dynavector	Audio signal amplifier for an electromagnetic phono cartridge (PU>Step-down Transformer>Current-voltage conversion stage)
4675859	1987	Fletcher	Sumiko	MC with intensified field focus: 1) a rear magnet and a front magnet mounted in an axially juxtaposed manner within a support sleeve so as to define therewith a magnetic field chamber 2) higher output is achieved without increasing the number of windings and thereby adversely affecting the moving mass of the stylus assembly. IMO: Sumiko high output MC cartridges such as Blue Point etc adopt conventional design (one magnet and two yokes) while original patented design was yoke-less=direct.
4681527	1987	Amory	Pathe-Marconi EMI SA in France	"Apparatus for the injection moulding of disc records. Two matrices, each bearing modulation to form a microgroove disc record, are fixed to half-moulds by means of sleeves, having first and second fixing flanges which extend into the gap between the matrices."
4686664	1987	Graham	Model 1.5 etc	Tone Arm Assembly (unique alignment method). His previous patent 4587646(1986?about same uni-pivot arm
4729146	1988	Barr	NA	Kit for cleaning phonograph records (attachment on homeuse vacuum cleaner)
4792938	1988	Firebaugh	Well-Tempered	Low-noise bearing for phonograph turntables and the like
4802081	1989	Otzipka	US Philips	Elongated phonograph pick-up head with snap-together construction. Also 4534022. ELM (Extra Light Mass 3g) series cartridges appeared around 1984
4855989	1989	Gyger	NA	Gyger Stylus Geometry
4870631	1989	Stoddard	"Finial Technology, Inc."	"Laser Turntable. Also 4972344(1990) for Dual Beam Optical Turntable. There were many attempts before Stoddard - see US Patent 3,325,603(1963) by Rabinow etc: ""Stereo Record Player Using Optical Means Separate from The Tone Arm"" and US Patent 3,992,593(1976) by Heine: ""Disc phonograph record playback by laser generated diffraction pattern"" etc."
4884262	1989	Winfeld	Ortofon	Magnetic system for a stereo pick-up with a movable coil
5003522	1991	Dolby	Dolby	Disc reproducing system for compensating mechanical imperfections: his previous patent 4918678 contains many related references (full history of vain attempts to reduce distortions caused by warp etc). Also 4755979(1988)
5781525	1998	Neulinger	NA	Record optimizer system and method of utilization
6185179	2001	Mohrin	NA	Revival of Edison-type cylinder!!! [Cylinder instead of stylus vibrates as resonator/microphone]
6469974	2002	Kaneko	Vestax	Tone arm (straight arm without offset angle for DJ play).
6661767	2003	Warden	"Numark Industries, LLC"	Tone arm assembly with interchangeable tone arm tube. Design Patent No. D433011(2000). See also straight non-offset arm D494158(2004) for disc jockey turntable D491915(2004)
6818815	2004	Cohen	Stanton Magnetics	Phonograph turntable with MIDI output
6829207	2004	Singer	"Convolve, Inc."	Method for reconstruction of phonograph records from physical measurement. Also 7330414(2008)
7042811	2006	Phelps	Syracuse University	"Frictionless, non-destructive playback system for cylinder recordings [Laser pickup for cylinder or a 33, 45 or 78 RPM record]"
7086071	2006	Schroeder	Model DPS/2/Reference etc	Spring-suspension magnetically stabilized pick-up arm. Model 1& TA-1 have modification around suspension of arm (two strings & flat magnets)
7106685	2006	Calaio	NA	Turntable with vertically adjustable platter. VTA between the stylus of the cartridge and the record can be easily adjusted without tweaking or touching the tone arm
7345975	2008	Haber	The Regents of the University of California	"Metrological digital audio reconstruction. Audio information stored in the undulations of grooves in a medium such as a phonograph record may be reconstructed, with little or no contact, by measuring the groove shape using precision metrology methods coupled with digital image processing and numerical analysis."
7382713	2008	Graham	Phantom series	"Method and apparatus for tone arm magnetic stabilization and damping system: satisfies the need for achieving neutral balance and stabilization for unipivot tone arm assemblies including antiskating mechanism using pulley belt tension.

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